Difference between revisions of "LFI-Validation"
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large-scale structures. The nine maps on the left show odd-even survey dfferences for the 2015 release, while the nine maps on the right show the same for the 2018 release. The 2015 data show large residuals in <i>I</i> at 30 and 44 GHz that bias the difference away from zero. This effect is considerably reduced in the 2018 release, as expected from the improvements in the calibration process. The <i>I</i> map at 70 GHz also shows a significant improvement. In the polarization maps, there is a general reduction in the amplitude of structures close to the Galactic plane. | large-scale structures. The nine maps on the left show odd-even survey dfferences for the 2015 release, while the nine maps on the right show the same for the 2018 release. The 2015 data show large residuals in <i>I</i> at 30 and 44 GHz that bias the difference away from zero. This effect is considerably reduced in the 2018 release, as expected from the improvements in the calibration process. The <i>I</i> map at 70 GHz also shows a significant improvement. In the polarization maps, there is a general reduction in the amplitude of structures close to the Galactic plane. | ||
− | [[File:Fig_15.png|thumb|center| | + | [[File:Fig_15.png|thumb|center|400px]] |
Finally here we shows pseudo-angular power spectra from the oddeven survey dfferences. There is great improvement in 2018 in removing largescale structures at 30 GHz in <i>TT</i>, <i>EE</i>, and somewhat in <i>BB</i>, and also in <i>TT</i> at 44 GHz. | Finally here we shows pseudo-angular power spectra from the oddeven survey dfferences. There is great improvement in 2018 in removing largescale structures at 30 GHz in <i>TT</i>, <i>EE</i>, and somewhat in <i>BB</i>, and also in <i>TT</i> at 44 GHz. |
Revision as of 10:57, 6 July 2018
Contents
Overview[edit]
Data validation is critical at each step of the analysis pipeline. Much of the LFI data validation is based on null tests. Here we present some examples from the current release, with comments on relevant time scales and sensitivity to various systematics. In the 2018 release in addition we perform many test to verify the differences between this and previous release (see Planck-2020-A2[1]).
Null tests approach[edit]
Null tests at map level are performed routinely, whenever changes are made to the mapmaking pipeline. These include differences at survey, year, 2-year, half- mission and half-ring levels, for single detectors, horns, horn pairs and full frequency complements. Where possible, map differences are generated in I, Q and U. For this release, we use the Full Focal Plane 10 (FFP10) simulations for comparison. We can use FFP10 noise simulations, identical to the data in terms of sky sampling and with matching time domain noise characteristics, to make statistical arguments about the likelihood of the noise observed in the actual data nulls. In general null tests are performed to highlight possible issues in the data related to instrumental systematic effecst not properly accounted for within the processing pipeline, or related to known changes in the operational conditions (e.g., switch-over of the sorption coolers), or related to intrinsic instrument properties coupled with the sky signal, such as stray light contamination. Such null-tests can be performed by using data on different time scales ranging from 1 minute to 1 year of observations, at different unit levels (radiometer, horn, horn-pair), within frequency and cross-frequency, both in total intensity, and, when applicable, in polarization.
Sample Null Maps[edit]
This figure shows difefrences between 2018 and 1015 frequenncy maps in I, Q and U. Large scale differences between the two set of maps are mainly due to changes in the calibration procedure.
In this figure we consider the set of odd-even survey differences combining all eight sky surveys covered by LFI. These survey combinations optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and highlight large-scale structures. The nine maps on the left show odd-even survey dfferences for the 2015 release, while the nine maps on the right show the same for the 2018 release. The 2015 data show large residuals in I at 30 and 44 GHz that bias the difference away from zero. This effect is considerably reduced in the 2018 release, as expected from the improvements in the calibration process. The I map at 70 GHz also shows a significant improvement. In the polarization maps, there is a general reduction in the amplitude of structures close to the Galactic plane.
Finally here we shows pseudo-angular power spectra from the oddeven survey dfferences. There is great improvement in 2018 in removing largescale structures at 30 GHz in TT, EE, and somewhat in BB, and also in TT at 44 GHz.
Statistical Analyses[edit]
The next level of data compression is to use the angular power spectra of the null tests, and to compare to simulations in a statistically robust way. We use two different approaches. In the first we compare pseudo-spectra of the null maps to the half-ring spectra, which are the most "free" of anticipated systmatics. In the second, we use noise Monte Carlos from the FFP8 simulations, where we run the mapmaking identically to the real data, over data sets with identical sampling to the real data but consisting of noise only generated to match the per-detector LFI noise model.
Here we show examples comparing the pseudo-spectra of a set of 100 Monte Carlos to the real data. We mask both data and simlations to concentrate on residuals impacting CMB analyses away from the Galactic plane.
Finally, we can look at the distribution of noise power from the Monte Carlos "ℓ by ℓ" and check where the real data fall in that distribution, to see if it is consistent with noise alone.
Figure 5: Sample 70GHz null test in comparison with FFP8 null distribution for multipoles from 2 to 4. From left to right we show TT, EE, BB. In this case, the null test is the full mission map - (Survey 1+Survey 3). We report the probability to exceed (PTE) values for the data relative to the FFP8 noise-only distributions. All values for this example are very reasonable, suggesting that our noise model captures the important features of the data even at low multipoles.
Consistency checks[edit]
All the details of consistency tests performed can be found in Planck-2013-II[2] and Planck-2015-A03[3].
Intra-frequency consistency check[edit]
We have tested the consistency between 30, 44, and 70GHz maps by comparing the power spectra in the multipole range around the first acoustic peak. In order to do so, we have removed the estimated contribution from unresolved point source from the spectra. We have then built scatter plots for the three frequency pairs, i.e., 70GHz versus 30 GHz, 70GHz versus 44GHz, and 44GHz versus 30GHz, and performed a linear fit, accounting for errors on both axes. The results reported in Fig. 6 show that the three power spectra are consistent within the errors. Moreover, note that the current error budget does not account for foreground removal, calibration, and window function uncertainties. Hence, the observed agreement between spectra at different frequencies can be considered to be even more satisfactory.
70 GHz internal consistency check[edit]
We use the Hausman test [4] to assess the consistency of auto- and cross-spectral estimates at 70 GHz. We specifically define the statistic:
where
and represent auto- and cross-spectra, respectively. In order to combine information from different multipoles into a single quantity, we definewhere square brackets denote the integer part. The distribution of BL(r) converges (in a functional sense) to a Brownian motion process, which can be studied through the statistics s1=suprBL(r), s2=supr|BL(r)|, and s3=∫01BL2(r)dr. Using the "FFP7" simulations, we derive empirical distributions for all the three test statistics and compare with results obtained from Planck data (see Fig. 7). We find that the Hausman test shows no statistically significant inconsistencies between the two spectral estimates.
As a further test, we have estimated the temperature power spectrum for each of three horn-pair maps, and have compared the results with the spectrum obtained from all 12 radiometers shown above. In Fig. 8 we plot the difference between the horn-pair and the combined power spectra. Again, the error bars have been estimated from the FFP7 simulated data set. A χ2 analysis of the residual shows that they are compatible with the null hypothesis, confirming the strong consistency of the estimates.
References[edit]
- ↑ Planck 2018 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing, Planck Collaboration, 2020, A&A, 641, A2.
- ↑ Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing, Planck Collaboration, 2014, A&A, 571, A2.
- ↑ Planck 2015 results. II. LFI processing, Planck Collaboration, 2016, A&A, 594, A2.
- ↑ Unbiased estimation of an angular power spectrum, G. Polenta, D. Marinucci, A. Balbi, P. de Bernardis, E. Hivon, S. Masi, P. Natoli, N. Vittorio, J. Cosmology Astropart. Phys., 11, 1, (2005).
(Planck) Low Frequency Instrument
Cosmic Microwave background