Astrophysical component maps

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Overview[edit]

This section describes the maps of astrophysical components produced from the Planck data. These products are derived from some or all of the nine frequency channel maps described above using different techniques and, in some cases, using other constraints from external data sets. Here we give a brief description of each product and how it is obtained, followed by a description of the FITS file containing the data and associated information. All the details can be found in Planck-2015-A10[1] and {PlanckPapers|planck20}}.

Astrophysical foregrounds from parametric component separation[edit]

We describe diffuse foreground products for the Planck 2015 release. See the Planck Foregrounds Component Separation paper Planck-2015-A10[1] for a detailed description of these products. Further scientific discussion and interpretation may be found in Planck-2015-A25[2].

Low-resolution temperature products[edit]

The Planck 2015 astrophysical component separation analysis combines Planck observations with the 9-year WMAP temperature sky maps (Bennett et al. 2013) and the 408 MHz survey by Haslam et al. (1982). This allows a direct decomposition of the low-frequency foregrounds into separate synchrotron, free-free and spinning dust components without strong spatial priors.

Inputs[edit]

The following data products are used for the low-resolution analysis:

  • Full-mission 30 GHz frequency map, LFI 30 GHz frequency maps
  • Full-mission 44 GHz frequency map, LFI 44 GHz frequency maps
  • Full-mission 70 GHz ds1 (18+23), ds2 (19+22), and ds3 (20+21) detector-set maps
  • Full-mission 100 GHz ds1 and ds2 detector set maps
  • Full-mission 143 GHz ds1 and ds2 detector set maps and detectors 5, 6, and 7 maps
  • Full-mission 217 GHz detector 1, 2, 3 and 4 maps
  • Full-mission 353 GHz detector set ds2 and detector 1 maps
  • Full-mission 545 GHz detector 2 and 4 maps
  • Full-mission 857 GHz detector 2 map
  • Beam-symmetrized 9-year WMAP K-band map (Lambda)
  • Beam-symmetrized 9-year WMAP Ka-band map (Lambda)
  • Default 9-year WMAP Q1 and Q2 differencing assembly maps (Lambda)
  • Default 9-year WMAP V1 and V2 differencing assembly maps (Lambda)
  • Default 9-year WMAP W1, W2, W3, and W4 differencing assembly maps (Lambda)
  • Re-processed 408 MHz survey map, Remazeilles et al. (2014) (Lambda)

All maps are smoothed to a common resolution of 1 degree FWHM by deconvolving their original instrumental beam and pixel window, and convolving with the new common Gaussian beam, and repixelizing at Nside=256.

Outputs[edit]

Synchrotron emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_Synchrotron-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Reference frequency: 408 MHz
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-Synchrotron
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior rms


Extension 1 -- SYNC-TEMP
Column Name Data Type Units Description
nu Real*4 Hz Frequency
intensity Real*4 W/Hz/m2/sr GALPROP z10LMPD_SUNfE spectrum
Free-free emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_freefree-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Reference frequency: NA
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-freefree
Column Name Data Type Units Description
EM_ML Real*4 cm^-6 pc Emission measure posterior maximum
EM_MEAN Real*4 cm^-6 pc Emission measure posterior mean
EM_RMS Real*4 cm^-6 pc Emission measure posterior rms
TEMP_ML Real*4 K Electron temperature posterior maximum
TEMP_MEAN Real*4 K Electron temperature posterior mean
TEMP_RMS Real*4 K Electron temperature posterior rms


Spinning dust emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_AME-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin

Note: The spinning dust component has two independent constituents, each corresponding to one spdust2 component, but with different peak frequencies. The two components are stored in the two first FITS extensions, and the template frequency spectrum is stored in the third extension.

Reference frequency: 22.8 GHz
HDU -- COMP-MAP-AME1
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 uK_RJ Primary amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 uK_RJ Primary amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 uK_RJ Primary amplitude posterior rms
FREQ_ML Real*4 GHz Primary peak frequency posterior maximum
FREQ_MEAN Real*4 GHz Primary peak frequency posterior mean
FREQ_RMS Real*4 GHz Primary peak frequency posterior rms
Reference frequency: 41.0 GHz
Peak frequency: 33.35 GHz
Extension 1 -- COMP-MAP-AME2
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 uK_RJ Secondary amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 uK_RJ Secondary amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 uK_RJ Secondary amplitude posterior rms


Extension 2 -- SPINNING-DUST-TEMP
Column Name Data Type Units Description
nu Real*4 GHz Frequency
j_nu/nH Real*4 Jy sr-1 cm2/H spdust2 spectrum
CO line emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_CO-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin

Note: The CO line emission component has three independent objects, corresponding to the J1->0, 2->1 and 3->2 lines, stored in separate extensions.

HDU -- COMP-MAP-co10
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(1-0) amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(1-0) amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(1-0) amplitude posterior rms
Extension 1 -- COMP-MAP-co21
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(2-1) amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(2-1) amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(2-1) amplitude posterior rms
Extension 2 -- COMP-MAP-co32
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(3-2) amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(3-2) amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 K_RJ km/s CO(3-2) amplitude posterior rms
94/100 GHz line emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_xline-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-xline
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 uK_cmb Amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 uK_cmb Amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 uK_cmb Amplitude posterior rms

Note: The amplitude of this component is normalized according to the 100-ds1 detector set map, ie., it is the amplitude as measured by this detector combination.

Thermal dust emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_dust-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin
Reference frequency: 545 GHz
HDU -- COMP-MAP-dust
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior maximum
I_MEAN Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior mean
I_RMS Real*4 uK_RJ Amplitude posterior rms
TEMP_ML Real*4 K Dust temperature posterior maximum
TEMP_MEAN Real*4 K Dust temperature posterior mean
TEMP_RMS Real*4 K Dust temperature posterior rms
BETA_ML Real*4 NA Emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_MEAN Real*4 NA Emissivity index posterior mean
BETA_RMS Real*4 NA Emissivity index posterior rms
Thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich emission around the Coma and Virgo clusters[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_SZ-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 60 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-SZ
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Y_ML Real*4 y_SZ Y parameter posterior maximum
Y_MEAN Real*4 y_SZ Y parameter posterior mean
Y_RMS Real*4 y_SZ Y parameter posterior rms

High-resolution temperature products[edit]

High-resolution foreground products at 7.5 arcmin FWHM are derived with the same algorithm as for the low-resolution analyses, but including frequency channels above (and including) 143 GHz.

Inputs[edit]

The following data products are used for the low-resolution analysis:

  • Full-mission 143 GHz ds1 and ds2 detector set maps and detectors 5, 6, and 7 maps
  • Full-mission 217 GHz detector 1, 2, 3 and 4 maps
  • Full-mission 353 GHz detector set ds2 and detector 1 maps
  • Full-mission 545 GHz detector 2 and 4 maps
  • Full-mission 857 GHz detector 2 map

All maps are smoothed to a common resolution of 7.5 arcmin FWHM by deconvolving their original instrumental beam and pixel window, and convolving with the new common Gaussian beam, and repixelizing at Nside=2048.

Outputs[edit]

CO J2->1 emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_CO21-commander_2048_R2.00.fits
Nside = 2048
Angular resolution = 7.5 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-CO21
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML_FULL Real*4 K_RJ km/s Full-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HM1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HM2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-ring amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-ring amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_YR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "First year" amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_YR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "Second year" amplitude posterior maximum


Thermal dust emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_ThermalDust-commander_2048_R2.00.fits
Nside = 2048
Angular resolution = 7.5 arcmin
Reference frequency: 545 GHz
HDU -- COMP-MAP-dust
Column Name Data Type Units Description
I_ML_FULL Real*4 uK_RJ Full-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HM1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HM2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-mission amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HR1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-ring amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_HR2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-ring amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_YR1 Real*4 uK_RJ "First year" amplitude posterior maximum
I_ML_YR2 Real*4 uK_RJ "Second year" amplitude posterior maximum
BETA_ML_FULL Real*4 NA Full-mission emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_HM1 Real*4 NA First half-mission emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_HM2 Real*4 NA Second half-mission emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_HR1 Real*4 NA First half-ring emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_HR2 Real*4 NA Second half-ring emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_YR1 Real*4 NA "First year" emissivity index posterior maximum
BETA_ML_YR2 Real*4 NA "Second year" emissivity index posterior maximum

Polarization products[edit]

Two polarization foreground products are provided, namely synchrotron and thermal dust emission. The spectral models are assumed identical to the corresponding temperature spectral models.

Inputs[edit]

The following data products are used for the polarization analysis:

In the low-resolution analysis, all maps are smoothed to a common resolution of 40 arcmin FWHM by deconvolving their original instrumental beam and pixel window, and convolving with the new common Gaussian beam, and repixelizing at Nside=256. In the high-resolution analysis (including only CMB and thermal dust emission), the corresponding resolution is 10 arcmin FWHM and Nside=1024.

Outputs[edit]

Synchrotron emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_SynchrotronPol-commander_0256_R2.00.fits
Nside = 256
Angular resolution = 40 arcmin
Reference frequency: 30 GHz
HDU -- COMP-MAP-SynchrotronPol
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Q_ML_FULL Real*4 K_RJ km/s Full-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_FULL Real*4 K_RJ km/s Full-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HM1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HM1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HM2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HM2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-ring Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s First half-ring Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-ring Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s Second half-ring Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_YR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "First year" Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_YR1 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "First year" Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_YR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "Second year" Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_YR2 Real*4 K_RJ km/s "Second year" Stokes U posterior maximum


Thermal dust emission[edit]
File name: COM_CompMap_DustPol-commander_1024_R2.00.fits
Nside = 1024
Angular resolution = 10 arcmin
Reference frequency: 353 GHz
HDU -- COMP-MAP-DustPol
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Q_ML_FULL Real*4 uK_RJ Full-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_FULL Real*4 uK_RJ Full-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HM1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HM1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HM2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-mission Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HM2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-mission Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HR1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-ring Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HR1 Real*4 uK_RJ First half-ring Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_HR2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-ring Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_HR2 Real*4 uK_RJ Second half-ring Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_YR1 Real*4 uK_RJ "First year" Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_YR1 Real*4 uK_RJ "First year" Stokes U posterior maximum
Q_ML_YR2 Real*4 uK_RJ "Second year" Stokes Q posterior maximum
U_ML_YR2 Real*4 uK_RJ "Second year" Stokes U posterior maximum

Modelling of the thermal dust emission with the Draine and Li dust model[edit]

The Planck, IRAS, and WISE infrared observations were fit with the dust model presented by Draine & Li in 2007 (DL07). The input maps, the DL07 model, and the fitting procedure and results are presented in Planck-2014-XXIX[3]. Here, we describe the input maps and the output maps, which are made available on the Planck Legacy Archive.

Inputs[edit]

The following data have been fit:

  • WISE 12 micron map
  • IRAS 60 micron map
  • IRAS 100 micron map
  • Full-mission 353 GHz PR2 map
  • Full-mission 545 GHz PR2 map
  • Full-mission 857 GHz PR2 map

The CIB monopole, the CMB anisotropries and the zodiacal light were subtracted to obtain dust emission maps from the sky emission maps. All maps were smoothed to a common angular resolution of 5'.

Model Parameters[edit]

For each pixel of the inputs maps, we have fitted four parameters of the DL07 model:

  • the dust mass surface density, Sigma_Mdust,
  • the dust mass fraction in small PAH grains, q_PAH,
  • the fraction of the total luminosity from dust heated by intense radiation fields, f_PDR,
  • the starlight intensity heating the bulk of the dust, U_min.

The parameter maps and their uncertainties are gathered in one file. This file also includes the chi2 of the fit per degree of freedom.

File name: COM_CompMap_Dust-DL07-Parameters_2048_R2.00.fits
Nside = 2048
Angular resolution = 5 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-Dust-DL07-Parameters
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Sigma_Mdust Real*4 Solar masses/kpc^2 Dust mass surface density
Sigma_Mdust_unc Real*4 Solar masses/kpc^2 Uncertainty (1 sigma) on Sigma_Mdust
q_PAH Real*4 dimensionless Dust mass fraction in small PAH grains
q_PAH_unc Real*4 dimensionless Uncertainty (1 sigma) on q_PAH
f_PDR Real*4 dimensionless Fraction of the total luminosity from dust heated by intense radiation fields
f_PDR_unc Real*4 dimensionless Uncertainty (1 sigma) on f_PDR
U_min Real*4 dimensionless Starlight intensity heating the bulk of the dust
U_min_unc Real*4 dimensionless Uncertainty (1 sigma) on U_min
Chi2_DOF Real*4 dimensionless Chi2 of the fit per degree of freedom

Visible extinction maps[edit]

We provide two exinctions maps at the visible V band: the value from the model (Av_DL) and the renormalized one (Av_RQ) that matches extinction estimates for quasars (QSOs) derived from the Sloan digital sky survey (SDSS) data.

File name: COM_CompMap_Dust-DL07-AvMaps_2048_R2.00.fits
Nside = 2048
Angular resolution = 5 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-Dust-DL07-AvMaps
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Av_DL Real*4 magnitude Extinction in the V band from the DL model
Av_DL_unc Real*4 magnitude Uncertainty (1 sigma) on Av_DL
Av_RQ Real*4 magnitude Extinction in the V band renormalized to match estimates from QSO SDSS observations
Av_RQ_unc Real*4 magnitude Uncertainty (1 sigma) on Av_RQ

Model Fluxes[edit]

We provide the model predicted fluxes in the following file.

File name: COM_CompMap_Dust-DL07-ModelFluxes_2048_R2.00.fits
Nside = 2048
Angular resolution = 5 arcmin
HDU -- COMP-MAP-Dust-DL07-ModelFluxes
Column Name Data Type Units Description
Planck_857 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the Planck 857 GHz band
Planck_545 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the Planck 545 GHz band
Planck_353 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the Planck 353 GHz band
WISE_12 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the WISE 12 micron band
IRAS_60 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the IRAS 60 micron band
IRAS_100 Real*4 MJy/sr Model flux in the IRAS 100 micron band

References[edit]

Flexible Image Transfer Specification

Full-Width-at-Half-Maximum

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich

Cosmic Microwave background